![]() This category may seem ridiculous at first as motion implies a change in location, but an object can be moving and yet not go anywhere. Translational motion Motion that results in a change of location is said to be translational. The fourth type of motion - random - is dealt with in another book I wrote. The sections on mechanics in this book are basically arranged in that order. Motion may be divided into three basic types - translational, rotational, and oscillatory. The first few chapters of this book are basically about these topics in this order… The study of how energy changes forms and location during physical processes is called energetics, but the word is used more by scientists in fields outside of physics than inside. This statement is known as the law of conservation of energy and is one of the really big concepts in all of physics, not just mechanics. When the total of all the different forms of energy is determined, we find that it remains constant in systems that are isolated from their surroundings. The mathematical statement that relates forces to changes in energy is called the work-energy theorem. When a force causes a change in the energy of a system, physicists say that work has been done. In general, a force is anything that causes a change (like a change in energy or motion or shape). ![]() Whenever a system is affected by an outside agent, its total energy changes. ![]() The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. Informally, a system possesses energy if it has the ability to do work. It can exist in many forms simultaneously and only acquires meaning through calculation. The term energy refers an abstract physical quantity that is not easily perceived by humans. The branch of mechanics that deals with both motion and forces together is called dynamics and the study of forces in the absence of changes in motion or energy is called statics. The study of motion without regard to the forces or energies that may be involved is called kinematics. Motion is the action of changing location or position. Mechanics can be divided into sub-disciplines by combining and recombining its different aspects. It is a large field and its study is essential to the understanding of physics, which is why these chapters appear first. The distance traveled, however, is the total length of the path taken between the two marks.The general study of the relationships between motion, forces, and energy is called mechanics. The displacement is simply the difference in the position of the two marks and is independent of the path taken when traveling between the two marks. One way to think about this is to assume you marked the start of the motion and the end of the motion. In kinematics we nearly always deal with displacement and magnitude of displacement and almost never with distance traveled. In this case her displacement would be + 2 m , the magnitude of her displacement would be 2 m , but the distance she traveled would be 150 m . For example, the professor could pace back and forth many times, perhaps walking a distance of 150 meters during a lecture, yet still end up only two meters to the right of her starting point. ![]() By magnitude, we mean the size of the displacement without regard to its direction (i.e., just a number with a unit). People often forget that the distance traveled can be greater than the magnitude of the displacement. ![]()
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